http://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/human-freedom-index-files/human-freedom-index-2015.pdf
Given the link between freedom and democracy,
Hong Kong’s top ranking in our
index may be somewhat unexpected. The
territory, first administered by the United
Kingdom as a colony and since 1997 ruled by
mainland China under its “one country, two
systems” model, has never experienced democracy.
Hong Kong’s maintenance of a high
degree of freedom for a long period of time
indeed makes it an outlier in our survey. The
pro-democracy protests that erupted in Hong Kong in 2014 may in part be a late manifestation
of a pattern we’ve seen in other nondemocracies
that liberalized their economies
and subsequently liberalized their political
systems as wealth and demands for political
freedoms rose. Even so, Hong Kong is unique
in that it long enjoyed high levels not only of
economic freedom but also of personal liberty
and income without transitioning to democracy.
The territory’s close adherence to the
policies and institutions it inherited from the
British, including the rule of law, no doubt explain
the stability its system has until recently
displayed. Clearly, the pro-democracy protests
represent a political agenda not acceptable to
Beijing, and are a reaction to interference and
perceived interference by mainland China in
Hong Kong’s policies and institutions including
infringements on freedom of the press and
the independence of the legal system. Our
index is based on data that goes no later than
2012, so does not yet capture the most recent developments, but it registers some deterioration
in those areas. As the political future of
Hong Kong plays out, we would not be surprised
if we see a decline in its freedom ratings. - page 23.
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